This chapter provides an overview of fundamentals and. Direct methanol fuel cells aims resolving of structureproperty relationship inside the meas to increase stability and performance by revealing degradation mechanisms meas fabricated in automated coating and assembling processes with improved power density and lifetime dmfc stacks and systems in the power range of 1 5 kw. Directmethanol fuel cells or dmfcs are a subcategory of protonexchange fuel cells in which methanol is used as the fuel. Two additional primary fuel cell types direct methanol dmfc and alkaline afc are used primarily in transportation and non stationary fuel cell applications, in addition to pemfc.
Direct methanol fuel cell as the next generation power source. Alexandre hacquard 2005, improving and understanding direct methanol fuel cell dmfc performanceworcester polytechnic institute. Institute for energy and climate research fuel cells. Pdf objectives develop materials and components and optimize operating conditions of the direct methanol fuel cell dmfc for maximum power density. Selectivity of direct methanol fuel cell membranes article pdf available in membranes 54.
Stationary direct methanol fuel cells using pure methanol. In contrast to indirect methanol fuel cells, where methanol is reacted to hydrogen by steam reforming, dmfcs use a methanol solution usually around 1m, i. Another path has also been in focus the use of methanol as a fuel in direct methanol fuel cells dmfc. This is more attractive than the conventional hydro gen fuelled cells, particularly for transportation applications, which rely on. The actual fuel cell stack is the layered cube shape in the center of the image a fuel cell is an electrochemical conversion device. Department of energy office of fossil energy national energy technology laboratory p. Hitachi have constructed a golf cart with a direct methanol fuel cell in a hybrid system alongside a lead acid battery used in conjunction with lead acid batteries, for example in golf carts, as shown in figure i. Controllable deposition of platinum nanoparticles on. History, status and perspectives usually connected in series to form a fuel cell stack that is integrated in a system whichcontains theauxiliaries, allowingstack operationanddelivery ofthe electrical. The individual performance of aem and pem fuel cells were evaluated. Portable power from direct methanol fuel cells does. Methanol is an excellent hydrogen carrier fuel, packing more hydrogen in this simple alcohol molecule than can be found in. A one dimensional 1d, isothermal model for a direct methanol fuel cell dmfc is presented. Novel composite membrane systems have been devised for use in direct methanol fuel cell dmfc with the ultimate aim of improving overall fuel cell performance in terms of achievable power density.
Pdf fluid dynamics modelling and experimental studies of the flowing electrolyte channel in a flowing electrolyte direct methanol fuel cell. Stability of speektriaminopyrimide polymer electrolyte. The stateoftheart dmfc prototypes and products are. Complete direct methanol fuel cell system dreamcar. In the case of the direct methanol fuel cells dmfc, they present two basic disadvantages. We have developed 1 kw output direct methanol fuel cell dmfc successfully, which is the highest output level in the world in this kind of fuel cell. The journal of physical chemistry c 2012, 116 40, 274281. Direct methanol fuel cells forschungszentrum julich.
A direct methanol fuel cell dmfc is an electrochemical cell that generates electricity based on the oxidation of methanol and reduction of oxygen. This collaborative research will resolve three critical challenges from material to electrode and system levels. Therefore, in the present study the beneficial effect of incorporating 2,4,6triaminopyrimidine tap as a compatibilizer to enhance the compatibility between speek base polymer and cloisite 15a nanoclays which resulting to a better cloisite 15a particles dispersion. The electrolyte and operating temperatures vary for each of the fuel cell types. Alkaline, direct methanol fuel cell pdf free download. Direct methanol fuel cell dmfc technology has witnessed unprecedented growth in recent years with significant improvements in electrocatalysts activity toward methanol oxidation reaction mor and oxygen reduction reaction orr, longterm stability, and in reducing noble metal loadings. Direct methanol fuel cell materials characterization. Direct methanol fuel cells have attracted extensive attentions from the fuel cell community because it is regarded as a promising candidate to replace the traditional power sources for portable. An overview of unsolved deficiencies of direct methanol. This model accounts for the kinetics of the multistep methanol oxidation reaction at the anode. The direct methanol fuel cell dmfc is a relatively recent addition to the suite of fuel cell technologies. The composite membrane system takes the form of a multilayered structure composing of commercial nafion tm 117 membrane and a novel. The peak power of 1 kw and the fuel utilization up to 80 % had been achieved.
Solid oxide fuel cells fall under the purview of the office of fossil energy. Supercritical carbondioxideassisted deposition of pt nanoparticles on graphene sheets and their application as an electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells. Vulcanptce catalysts prepared by impregnation using edta. Jet propulsion laboratory, california institute of technology. Direct methanol fuel cells have attracted extensive attentions from the fuel cell community because it is regarded as a promising candidate to replace the. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Alcohols such as methanol and ethanol were the most common types of fuel used, although glycols and acids are also used. Principles of direct methanol fuel cells for portable and. Pdf selectivity of direct methanol fuel cell membranes. Pdf direct methanol fuel cell for portable applications. Pdf recent development of polymer electrolyte membranes.
The other fuels, including methanol, do not necessarily need substantial changes to the distribution network. Fuel cells using methanol directly on the electrode or the dmfc are the promising candidates for transportation and portable power source applications. Advance fuel cell technologies for transportation, stationary, and early market applications. The direct methanol fuel cell dmfc has been considered as the ideal fuel cell system since it produces electric power by the direct conversion of the methanol fuel at the fuel cell anode. It produces electricity from fuel on the anode side and an oxidant on the cathode side, which react in the presence of an electrolyte. Cost analysis of direct methanol fuel cell stacks for mass production article pdf available in energies 912. Pdf fluid dynamics modelling and experimental studies of the flowing electrolyte channel in a flowing electrolyte direct methanol fuel cell eric duivesteyn carleton university. However, there are some differences among them, and the advantages and disadvantages of each type for portable power supply systems are summarized in table 14. An overview of unsolved deficiencies of direct methanol fuel cell technology.
An aqueous methanol solution of low molarity acts as the reducing agent that traverses the anode flow field. Nunes2005, membrance for direct methanol fuel cell applications. Analysis based on characterization, experimentation and modeling, advances in fuel cells. Direct liquid fuel cells dlfcs are one of the most promising types of fuel cells due to their high energy density, simple structure, small fuel cartridge, instant recharging, and ease of storage and transport.
The major difference is that in the dmfc the fuel supplied to the anode of the cell is not gaseous hydrogen but methanol in the liquid form. A major driver has been the ability of fuel cells to achieve high efficiencies over a broad load profile and low emission signatures without additional controls. Direct methanol fuel cell as the next generation power source masakazu ohashi1 the demand for clean power source is increasing for solving environmental issues. Based on faradic reactions for dmfc, a series of theoretical equations over the entire discharge current ranges were explored and developed to model and simulate water and methanol crossover in a dmfc stack. Sites where fuel cell chp systems have been used include universities, hospitals, nursing homes, hotels, and office buildings. Pdf mathematical model of a direct methanol fuel cell.
Also the high efficiency makes defc attractive, but the. The reactants flow into the cell, and the reaction products flow out of it, while the. Dmfc is a type of pemfc that uses methanol as the fuel instead of hydrogen or hydrogenrich gas. Methanol fuel cell types for fuel cells using methanol there are three main types. The direct methanol fuel cell dmfc is a polymer membrane fuel cell, similar in concept to the proton exchange membrane fuel cell discussed in chapter 4. Pdf cost analysis of direct methanol fuel cell stacks. Hydrogen fuel is the cleanest but it needs a complete change of the fuel distribution network. Institute for energy and climate research fuel cells iek3. Direct ethanol fuel cell, and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell 2.
Direct methanol fuel cell materials characterization volume 15 supplement dn monroe, dj richard, ad martin, dn leonard, pe russell. It is similar to the pem cell in that it uses a polymer membrane as an electrolyte. Future work could include additional fuel cell types i. Direct methanol fuel cell because the storage and safe handling of hydrogen gas is troublesome, methanol, ch3oh, is used instead of hydrogen gas as a reactant. Diffusion and crossover of methanol are modeled and the mixed potential of the oxygen cathode due to methanol crossover is included.
A fuel wicking material in the methanol fuel tank was used to provide orientationindependent operation. The fuel used for fuel cells could be chosen from hydrogen, natural gas, gasoline or methanol. Box 880 morgantown, west virginia 265070880 november 2004. Historical aspects of direct methanol fuel cell development and state. Characterization and development of direct methanol fuel cells. Combined heat and power technology fact sheets series. Direct methanol fuel cell an overview sciencedirect topics. Currently, solid oxide fuel cell sofc, direct methanol fuel cell dmfc, and h 2pemfc are the most common fuel cell types. The direct methanol fuel cell dmfc has been considered as the ideal fuel cell system since it produces electric power by the direct conversion of the methanol. Direct methanol fuel cell dmfc is a clean power source which does not produce toxic substances and has low noise in operation. The effect of ionexchange capacity in the alkaline electrodes was studied. Fuel cells use hydrogen as a fuel to produce clean and efficient electricity that can power cars, trucks, buses, ships, cell phone towers, homes and businesses.
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